E-Bikes for Deliveries

The E-Bikes for Deliveries program offers local Denver businesses the chance to bring home their dream e-cargo bike and experience its impact on business operations firsthand. All the while reducing car trips and helping to build momentum for a safer, more sustainable city.

Who and What

At DSP, our mission is to reduce Denver’s unsustainable dependence on cars and design communities that put people first. That means not only reimagining how Denver residents get to their daily destinations, but also how Denver businesses deliver goods to their customers. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, delivery options have become even more important as demand for home delivery has increased dramatically. This has meant increased miles traveled by gasoline and diesel vehicles, creating local pollution that both contributes to climate change and is bad for our health. E-bikes have the potential to replace trips taken by delivery vehicles and may even provide benefits to businesses including faster deliveries in congested or parking-limited areas, eliminated fuel costs, and exercise and health benefits for drivers.

DSP was therefore thrilled to partner with the Denver Office of Climate Action, Sustainability, and Resiliency (CASR) on the E-Bikes for Deliveries pilot program, which distributed e-bikes to local businesses for the purpose of delivery services, evaluated the benefits of using e-bikes for deliveries, and identified opportunities to expand the program to additional businesses in the future. From September 2022 through February 2024, DSP distributed 11 electric cargo bikes to 10 different businesses and worked with those businesses to collect data on their e-bike usage, which can inform future efforts to electrify deliveries in Denver. This report profiles the 10 businesses that participated, describes the outcomes of their experiences using e-bikes for deliveries, and highlights lessons learned and opportunities moving forward.

Our Approach
Needs-based Strategy

The primary goal of this novel program was to demonstrate that businesses do not need to rely on either business- or individually-owned automobiles to make deliveries. While that objective did not change, our approach quickly pivoted at the outset of the program.

Initially, the plan was to provide two business districts with a fleet of five shared e-cargo bikes each (10 total), with the intention to create two district-specific bike libraries that would utilize a check-out/check-in system for sharing the bikes among businesses. The e-cargo bikes would be stored securely at one location within each business district and would be available for reservation and checkout by employees of participating businesses.

While the bike library model may work well for individuals looking to occasionally use a bicycle, initial conversations with potential business participants quickly raised concerns about the efficacy of this approach for commercial deliveries. Specifically, this model would require a business employee to, first, pick up a bicycle from the library and bring it to their place of business, then load the bicycle with items to be delivered, make the delivery, return the bicycle to the library, and, lastly, get back to their place of business somehow (e.g., drive, take transit, walk). Clearly, this cumbersome approach would be very time consuming for a business that may be looking to make a time-sensitive delivery (e.g., an order of freshly prepared hot food). Perhaps more importantly, there would be no guarantee that a bicycle would even be available at the library at any given time.

Upon hearing these concerns, with the approval of CASR, DSP altered the program to instead give one e-cargo bike to each of 10 Denver-based businesses. Each participating business owned their new bike outright, and could therefore use it at their discretion, any time of day. The only drawback to this new approach was the necessary space required to store an e-cargo bike on each premise.

With the updated strategy in place, DSP sought to identify a variety of businesses, both in geographic location and disparate use-case, to solicit participation. DSP made an additional effort to identify businesses located in priority neighborhoods as identified by Denver’s Neighborhood Equity & Stabilization (NEST) division under the Denver Economic Development & Opportunity office. In these historic, fastest-changing neighborhoods, locally owned businesses struggle with increasing rent costs and the need to diversify their businesses in order to attract new customers from their evolving communities.

After identifying an interested business, DSP consulted with our program partner, Hardt Family Cyclery, to review the unique delivery needs of that business and identify an appropriate cargo bike model, or style. As an example, a large front-loading, “bucket”-style cargo bike serves a very distinct and different purpose than a smaller, more traditional bicycle with panniers hanging off the rear. In some cases, Hardt Family Cyclery made demo bikes available for prospective participants to more easily evaluate them at their place of business, which also encouraged multiple employees to try out the demo bikes and offer feedback. In other cases, business owners met with DSP’s program manager at Hardt Family Cyclery to see several possible bike solutions firsthand, with the ability to test ride at the shop.

Participating Businesses
Confluence Courier

Operating since 2014, Confluence Courier is a Denver-based bicycle delivery service, with the goal of providing a high-quality and affordable alternative to big apps and corporations dominating the food delivery industry. With an existing fleet of (non-electric) cargo bikes and messenger bags, deliveries are available seven days a week, 6 a.m.–11 p.m.
Note: Confluence Courier has changed ownership twice since contracting with DSP, and is now operating as Awesome Couriers. Located at 2525 N Washington St Denver, CO 80205.

Viet’s Restaurant

Located in the Far East Center at 303 S Federal Blvd #125, 80219, Viet’s Restaurant uses natural ingredients to create tasty, wholesome meals that nourish from the inside out. (NEST)

Saigon Bowl

Located in the Far East Center at 333 S Federal Blvd #134, 80219, Saigon Bowl has 20 years experience serving Vietnamese food to hungry visitors at its Denver location. (NEST)

Flowers on the Vine

Flowers on the Vine serves your floral and gift-giving needs with deliveries to all local hospitals and funeral homes, from two locations: 2035 E 18th Ave #9, 80206; and McGregor Square 1991 Wazee St Suite 140, 80202.

LoDough Bakery

Located at 1850 Blake St #150, 80202, LoDough Bakery is a wholesale bakery with a small batch storefront. The storefront focuses on local & organic ingredients, hoping to provide better bread to the people.

Infinitus Pie

Infinitus Pie has been making delicious pizza since 2010 under the leadership of owners “Pizza Pete” and daughter “Katie Pie,” serving local residents out of four locations, including the Auraria/Tivoli restaurant at 900 Auraria Pkwy Unit 229, 80204.

Oasis West Wash Park

Oasis West Wash Park is a project to turn West Wash Park into a gigantic botanic garden. What started as a volunteer project has now turned into a full-fledged landscaping operation, replacing unused grass with native plants in West Wash Park, and has completed over 30 projects with a current waiting list of 50 more. Located at PO Box 40833, 80204.

HandleStash

Inspired by spilled coffee while cruising the beach in southern California, HandleStash is dedicated to making quality bike accessories, primarily manufactured in Colorado. Products include shockabsorbing cup holders, insulated stem bags, and colorful handlebar bags. Located at Saltbox Warehouse, 4800 Dahlia St Ste E2, 80216.

Big Raven Bread

Big Raven Bread is located in Clayton—a recently designated NEST neighborhood—at 3220 Clayton St, 80205, and makes sourdough breads, pretzels, and other baked goods. Operating under the Colorado Cottage Foods Act, deliveries are currently made by bicycle throughout the Clayton, Cole, Whitter, Skyland, City Park, and Park Hill neighborhoods. (NEST)

Howl House

Howl House is a home-based producer of premium pet supplies based in the Harvey Park neighborhood of Denver. A large part of the business is based on reducing global impact by producing goods meant to last a lifetime and utilizing emission-free mobility. Offering local customers free bike delivery, they also have committed to delivering bulk USPS shipments to the facility by bike, eliminating the use of a car. Located at 2245 S Irving St, 80219.

Project Outcomes

Overall, it is clear that the E-Bikes for Deliveries program was successful in meeting its stated objective: to replace gas- and diesel-powered vehicle trips for commercial deliveries with non-greenhouse gas-emitting trips via electric bicycle.

 

Plenty of Pedaling

Each business tracked their usage for the initial four-month period with their e-cargo bike. The chart below represents both the aggregate number of trips and the total mileage ridden during the initial four months for all participating businesses. A breakdown of each business is also included in this spreadsheet.

Graph displaying effects of E-Bikes for Deliveries program, 2022–2024, on the participating businesses' Vehicle Miles Traveled.

Within the initial four-month period, the 10 businesses participating in this program rode nearly 4,000 miles—trips which, in most cases, would have otherwise been made by gas- and diesel-powered vehicles, contributing to Denver’s air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

Perhaps the best testimony came from a sentiment shared by Adam Saplin, owner of HandleStash, when he declared, “this has really been life-changing.” He went on to say that since being presented with the bike, he has only used his car a couple of times, instead taking the bike for both personal and professional outings. In this case, the outcomes of the program have even exceeded our expectations, in that additional, non-commercial vehicle trips are being supplanted as a direct result.

Abby Peterson, owner of Big Raven Bread, gave another example of the benefits of using e-cargo bikes for deliveries by explaining how she was able to extend her delivery radius as a direct result of this program. Previously, she was making local bread deliveries by (traditional) bike, but due to limited capacity, she would need to return to the bakery several times to restock the bike each day. This was not a sustainable approach, as the additional time spent traveling back-and-forth was time she couldn’t spend making product (baking) or marketing her business. Additionally, expending all of that energy pedaling to and fro was tiresome. Now, with a huge cargo bucket on the front of her e-bike, she can 1) fulfill all of the day’s deliveries in a single trip and 2) deliver to addresses much further away, thanks to time and energy saved by the e-bike’s electric assist.

Testimonials

Each business was given the opportunity to provide a narrative “wrap up” of their experience in the program. Here’s what they had to say:

Confluence Courier

The E-Bikes for Deliveries program sparked our interest as a local courier service in Denver. Our initial thoughts were that E-Bikes go against our traditional model of being a bicycle-only delivery service. We never planned to have cars, mopeds, scooters, or any assistance other than regular bicycles. As time went on, our competition in the delivery market forced us to add cars so we were able to provide delivery to areas outside of our original zones. This brought on so many costs through vehicles, insurance, repairs, etc. We felt as though we were stuck expanding our zones but not reaping the profits that these deliveries were bringing due to the amount of overhead we had with automobiles. Through our relationship with the Colfax BID, we were given a solution with the E-Bikes for Deliveries program.

This program gave us the opportunity to remove cars from the picture. We still staff one car shift every morning, but that is down from three shifts a day. We have been sending couriers upwards of six miles one way on the provided e-bikes without any major issues. They’ve provided us with a quick and easy alternative for our longer, or larger, deliveries. We have been able to service much more of the Denver Highlands area, as well as Central Park. We have future plans for other zones outside the metro area as well.

These bikes have given us little to no issues. We’ve serviced them in our bike shop multiple times for basic repairs, but have had no real mechanical issues. We’ve replaced tires, seats, and handlebars on both bikes. There was a bit of a learning curve to getting in the cycle of having them charged for a full day’s work, as we use them as early as 6 a.m. and as late as 11 p.m. Having multiple e-bikes made it much easier though.

Overall, we feel very fortunate to have been given the opportunity to use these bikes for work. They’ve made our business much more versatile and continue to help us stand out against competitors in the delivery market.

— Nick Moss, owner

Flowers on the Vine

We have been loving using the Tern e-bike these past four months! It has run smoothly for us overall and has made delivering locally in our neighborhood fun and easy. Maybe we can deliver faster with a car going from point to point, but honey, it evens out with not having to take as much time with loading and parking the vehicle. Being able to pull right up to a home or business and engage the quick lock while we make the delivery is so smooth! We regularly deliver to St. Joseph’s and Presbyterian St. Luke’s hospitals using the e-bike, as well as the many customers that live close by, and even a few businesses.

It was a small learning curve to find the best way to package our flower arrangements with minimal disruption to them. The nature of biking compared to driving means you hit and feel every bump a bit more. Thankfully, the boxes we use normally for packing the arrangements for delivery fit perfectly in the front holder of the bike! Having the bungee straps to hold it in makes us feel they are safe and secure. Packing them in the back takes more intention as it can be bumpier back there. We take care to have the driver of the bike be as aware and cautious as possible when driving to avoid bumps and cracks as much as they are able. Wouldn’t it be nice if all our roads and bikeways were perfectly smooth? But, alas.

The bike holds its charge incredibly well, and knowing it won’t take all day to recharge it when it does need a charge means we don’t have to shift things around too much during those charge days.

With a shop as small as we have with limited space for storage, having a Tern e-bike that stores so efficiently with how it folds and stands up makes it so much nicer for us when the bike isn’t in use, knowing it won’t be in our way. The days we aren’t using the bike and it is stored in our shop, we get many comments from customers asking about it. They are curious to see such a rad-looking bike and express wanting one for themselves or are pleased to hear we use ours for our business. It is a fun conversation starter. When we are biking our deliveries around town, it is always fun to see how a bike full of flowers brings a smile to the passersby.

Having the Tern e-bike has been a great way to enjoy the beautiful warm seasons here in Denver as well. This fall as the colors have been changing and the crisp has crept into the air, what a thrill to bike through City Park with flower arrangements in tow, knowing we are bringing small joys to people in our lovely city.

Overall, having this bike as an addition to how we make deliveries with our business left us feeling more connected with our city and happier, making better, intentional choices about how we contribute to our environment.

— Tarah Anthony, owner

LoDough Bakery

Over the past four months, the bike program has proven highly beneficial in reducing our car usage. The program has significantly lowered carbon emissions, aligning with environmental sustainability goals. Cost savings from reduced fuel and maintenance expenses were notable, positively impacting our business’ finances. Overall, the E-Bikes for Deliveries program has fostered a healthier, eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternative to traditional car delivery. We hope to see more of our neighboring businesses able to join on this quest.

— Jan Kratzer, owner

Infinitus Pie

We are using the e-bike exclusively to deliver pizzas. It is a fantastic addition to our brand and has allowed us to reduce our vehicle emissions drastically. We are delivering consistently, plus doing any business activities/promotions only on the bike. Since starting at the beginning of December, we have had to take only one delivery with a car because it was for 110 people, exceeding the bike capacity. It took longer to get the bike in use for its designated purpose than we wanted. We are using it exclusively and it is so fun, cool, fancy, utilitarian, everything for which we could have hoped.

— Peter Crouse, owner

Oasis West Wash Park

Until we got our cargo bike, I didn’t realize how much it would transform our business. In effect, it has replaced our second truck. While Truck #1 seems to remain an inevitability—it hauls thousands of pounds of rock and mulch and pulls a trailer with all of our tools—Truck #2, which is really a support vehicle, has essentially been on mothballs for four months. We take many short trips around the neighborhood that are “small hauls,” where we’re schlepping tools and small volumes of materials. This was never possible with a regular bike, and thus, hitherto required a truck. But the cargo bike handles those loads brilliantly. Here are some delightful examples of what we’ve used it for: hauling hundreds of pounds of large ornamental granite boulders, removal for composting of an ivy plant, transporting seedlings to planting sites, moving our drip irrigation kit, and hauling buckets and shovels for monthly maintenance at project sites around the neighborhood. It has huge potential to transform landscaping businesses across the city. Now if we could just do something about those two-stroke blowers…

— Avi Stopper, owner

HandleStash

Since HandleStash received our E-bikes for Deliveries bike in February, we’ve put nearly 1000 miles on it. Almost all those miles would have been trips by car had we not received the bike—the Benno Boost with dual battery was the perfect choice to allow us to carry moderate loads over long distances. We were able to pick up a six-foot long roll of foam from our supplier in Englewood—what would normally have been a long drive with a traffic jam on I-25 was instead a nice bike ride down the Bear Creek trail and up the Platte River trail. On another day, we picked up 600 pieces of cupholder sewing from our supplier in Broomfield, covering nearly 60 miles in the day. On more typical days, the bike is used to move inventory between Golden and Denver, drop orders at the post office, and visit bike shops and drop off orders.

Covering distances like this on a bike takes more time than driving, but as a bicycle-focused business, the extra time on a bike is just an added benefit. I’ve been able to do more—and better— product testing by riding the bike and have been biking much more than I could previously. We are incredibly grateful to be included in this program and are excited to put many more 1000’s of miles on the bike and be a part of getting out of cars and making the city a better place.

— Adam Saplin, owner

Big Raven Bread

Big Raven Bread hit the streets with an e-cargo bike provided through the Denver Streets Partnership and Bicycle Colorado in September of 2023. I have now delivered hundreds of loaves and other goods on the bike, as well as run other business errands. I rode it so much that Terry even had to check that I wasn’t recording my miles cumulatively! The bike had an immediate impact on my business. I was able to expand my delivery range, and speed up delivery times, which allowed me time to focus on growing other parts of my business. Additionally, anytime I am out riding, the bike grabs people’s attention, which has helped me find new customers and expand my market. The large carrying capacity has also helped me to carry more at once, being able to do deliveries and run errands simultaneously without my product being squished.

I did add a very loud horn to be able to alert cars that aren’t paying attention to bike lanes, running stop signs, etc. While Denver’s bike infrastructure continues to improve, it still feels like drivers might need some education on sharing the road with cyclists. I did talk to other businesses about the program, and I think many people would ride more, but often people are intimidated by the size of the bike or just navigating cars. Perhaps some lessons, ride sessions, etc. could help make people more comfortable cycling in Denver. I really appreciate this program and what it has done to help my business! I would love to help advocate more for the program and just cycling in general. Many thanks to Terry, Mackenzie at Hardt Family Cyclery, the Denver Streets Partnership, Bicycle Colorado, and CASR. Yay, bikes!

— Abby Peterson, owner

Howl House

The addition of the Tern NBD e-cargo bike has been incredibly beneficial to the growth and sustainability of Howl House. When I created Howl House, my intention was to provide lifetimelasting quality gear for pets and their humans, rather than cheap products that must be constantly repurchased. As an avid cyclist, I also decided to offer free bicycle delivery within the Denver region to further reduce our environmental impact. Very quickly though, I was outpacing the capacity of my simple milk-crate system.

After receiving our e-cargo bike, it was immediately put to use. Primarily, the bike has been used for home deliveries and USPS drop-offs. Most of our packages are bubble mailers, which fit easily within the included panniers. We also put the rack to use several times to carry larger packages for wholesale drop-offs and to pick up materials from our local vendors. The electric motor was especially beneficial for putting together long rides to visit current and prospective wholesalers around the Denver area. Without the e-cargo bike, I may have done some of these trips with a bicycle, but the majority of the miles would have been completed with my very fuel-inefficient truck.

Finally, I would like to call out my appreciation for this program and the quality of the support provided. The Tern NBD is a very high quality bicycle and requires very little maintenance (I love the belt drive). Not having to visit a shop for repairs or clean a chain regularly saves me a lot of valuable time. I did experience two flat tires, which I repaired myself. The inclusion of a lock, shop service, and rack accessories covered all of my business’ needs and made the inclusion of this bicycle a staple of our business.

— Jake Schillings, owner

Key Insights

Over the course of the program rollout, we discovered a good deal of insights that can help inform any future iterations of the program.

 

Lessons Learned

Correlation between participant success and previous experience/comfort with bicycling

Arguably, the participants who found the most success integrating the e-cargo bike(s) into their business operations have been staffed by self-identified “bicyclists.” While this factor wasn’t a part of any formal decision matrix in the selection of participants, it is clear the adoption of— and appreciation for—e-cargo bikes for making deliveries is commensurate with a familiarity and perceived value of bicycling in general. People who ride bicycles for personal use “get it” and are excited by the prospect of work-related bike trips and reaping the benefits thereof.

Insurance

Several participants expressed trepidation about the need for insurance, which may have been triggered by participating in this program. The concerns were twofold, including (1) property replacement coverage for an expensive asset, in the case of theft or damage, and (2) liability protection for employees making deliveries via the e-cargo bike. As DSP is not in the position to offer any kind of legal or insurance-specific recommendations, we suggested they simply check with a broker. 

Storage

One tentative participant withdrew enrollment prior to starting the program, due largely to their limited capacity to store the large e-cargo bike onsite. While several Tern models feature the unique space-saving ability to store “upright” in a vertical position, all cargo bikes are still larger and heavier than a regular bicycle. In this case, the business owner didn’t have the space to spare inside their small coffee shop and felt nervous about keeping the bike locked up outside. 

Infrastructure

While the City and County of Denver has come a long way—thanks in part to the work of both the Denver Streets Partnership and Bicycle Colorado—this program has highlighted the ongoing issue of Denver’s lack of connected and safe bike infrastructure on our streets. With safety being a priority concern, route-finding for business deliveries often involves detours to side streets with fewer automobiles in order to offer the working bicyclist some peace-of-mind.

Driver education

As more bicycles take to the streets, and certainly in the case of business travel by e-cargo bike, we as a community need to educate automobile drivers on not only rules of sharing the road, but also best practices, common courtesies, and a safety mindset. Notably, Abby Peterson of Big Raven Bread has reported multiple occasions in which drivers would make right-hand turns directly in front of her while she was legally riding in the bike lane. She has, in fact, taken it upon herself to attach a high-decibel air horn to her bike, in order to effectively alert distracted drivers.

See the full E-Bikes for Deliveries 2024 project report:

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